Social protection offers strong potential to help rural communities adapt to climate change, support low-carbon transitions, and promote just transitions for the most vulnerable. A review of 23 Green Climate Fund (GCF) projects highlights promising models—such as public works and cash-plus programs linking income support with climate-smart farming—while also pointing to opportunities to strengthen coordination, inclusion, and long-term systems. By scaling up these approaches and deepening partnerships, the GCF can ensure its investments deliver more inclusive, sustainable, and just climate action.